Davis A. Young and Ralph F. Stearley, The Bible, Rocks and Time: Geological Evidence for the Age of the Earth (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2008). $30.00, 512 pages.
Earth is very old, and anyone who tells you otherwise is practicing bad science. If they’re “young-Earth creationists” or “flood geologists,” they’re practicing bad theology to boot. In a nutshell, that is the message of The Bible, Rocks and Time by Davis A. Young and Ralph F. Stearley, professors of geology at Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan. (Young holds emeritus status.) Both are evangelical scholars in the Reformed tradition with a high view of Scripture and a commitment to Christian orthodoxy.
Young and Stearley divide their book into four parts. Part One outlines the history of Christian scholarship about the age of Earth from the patristic era to the modern period, concluding that orthodox Christian scholars have been able to accept Earth’s great age without abandoning either their faith or the Bible’s infallibility. Part Two examines the issues at stake in how Christians interpret Genesis 1, concluding that the text itself does not require us to interpret its days as solar days, instead preferring a “literary framework” interpretation of that chapter. Part Three details the mainstream geological case for Earth’s age based on stratigraphy, fossils, sedimentation, the rate at which igneous and metamorphic rocks form, and radiometric dating. They conclude that flood geology’s alternative explanations of the empirical data are unconvincing. Part Four examines philosophical issues related to (1) the debate between young-Earth “catastrophists” and mainstream geological “uniformitarians” and (2) the debate among Christians as to best apologetic practices vis-à-vis scientific issues. Regarding (1), the authors conclude that young-Earthers caricature mainstream commitment to uniformitarianism, which—by the way—makes room for large scale, even global catastrophes. Regarding (2), the authors argue that hitching Christian apologetics to young-Earth science entangles Christians in bad science and therefore bad apologetics.
For those readers who, like myself, were educated in philosophy (or other humanities), the arguments advanced in Part Three make for tough reading, mainly because of the specialized jargon of the geological community. However, Young and Stearley make these arguments as clearly as they can by defining terms and providing pictorial and/or graphic illustrations of relevant points. The historical, biblical, and philosophical parts of the book were, for me, easier to understand.
Although the argument Young and Stearley advance against flood geologists is hard-hitting, its tone is far less confrontational than my brief summary lets on. The authors’ tone throughout is gracious, acknowledging what good scholarship there is in the flood geologist community, noting changes in young-Earth arguments, and interacting with those arguments at a scholarly level. The Bible, Rocks and Time is, as far as I know, the best single-volume refutation of young-Earth creationism currently on the market.
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